Apparatus for use in the burning of liquid fuel



A. FORST ER. APPARATUS FOR USE IN THE BURNING 0F LIQUID FUEL.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 14, I920.

Patbnied Nov. 28, 1922.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

A. FORSTER. APPARATUS FOR USE IN THE'BURNING 0F LIQUID FUEL. APPLICATIONFILED DEC. 1 4. 1920.

1,437,300. Patented N0v.,28,1922.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2;

, A. FORSTER. APPARATUS FOR USE IN THE BURNING 0F LIQUID FUEL.APPLICATION mm 020.14. 1929.

1 437 300 v 1 Patented Nov. 28,1922.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3- ,0 J D 3/ F? i v 5 E? a A. FORSTER.

APPARATUS FOR USE IN THE BURNING 0F LIQUID FUEL;

APPLICAHON FILED DECJ4, I920.

1,437,300, Patented Nov. 28,1922. 'SHEET 4.

- F/GQ4.

WET it in ,21? it is ANDREW EQBSTER, OE CO'W'ES, ENGLAITD; ASSIGNGB TO5. Si-1.1517111. WHITE 8:, COMPANY LIMITED, OF EAST OOYVES, ISLEOFNIGHT, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS roe use IN 'rnn enemas or LI UID FUEL.

Application filed December- This invention relates to apparatus for usein the burning of liquid fuel and has for its object to enablesubstantially perfect, combustion of the fuel to be obtained while theapparatus itself is designed so that it can be constructed cheaply.

In applying burners for liquid "fuel to steam generators it is desirableto arrange the sprayer within a casing which can be readily mounted onthe generator the con struction of the casing being preferably simpleand cheap. The casing must have openings with siiitable means forcontrolling them in order to allow oi the ignition of the air necessaryfor combustion. Such apparatus as previously constructed has tended tobe cumbersome and expensive to make.

while further themeans by which the air is admitted and controlled, andthe disposition. of the sprayer did not permit of the combustion beingso regulated as to always ensure that this combustion was complete.

According; to this invention the fuel sprayer is inounted in or at oneend of a conical member so that the flame from the sprayer will impingeon the inner surface of the cone. air box surrounds the cone and has inits wall openings through which can enter A conical casing forming an insuch a manner as to strikeon or pass over a the heated cone. openings isadjusted or these openings can be closed by means of a rotatable orsliding shutter mounted on the casing. The outer end of this casing isclosed by a plate which carries the coned member and the sprayer Thesize of the air inlet and in this plate are openings adapted to i, 1920.Serial naiecflsz,

riedv onthe casing and movableover the openings therein. An outer casingpreferably conical may be mounted on the air box and so arranged thatair will enter this outer casing near the wall of the steam generator towhich the air box is fixed. The air will thus receive a preliminaryheating from the generator wall and will then pass into the air box andover the heated cone which will cause the air to be still further heatedbefore it enters the combustion'chamber. Air can also enter the air boxthrough the openings in the end plate around the sprayer the air thusadmi.tted:passing into the cone member. The outer casing mayconveniently be arranged to "communicatenwith a jacket which wholly orpartially surrounds the uptakeso thatthe air can receive heat from theuptake before it enters the air box.

In order to simplify the construction of the air box this may be formedwith an annular step at some point in its length the depth of this, stepbeing not less than the thickness of the wall of the casing. Theopenings in the casing then extend through the wall thereof fromthe-step to the smaller end of the conical casing. On this part of thecasing between the-step and the end of it is mounted a conical shutterwhich can be rotated on the casing and by meansof which the size oi. theopenings can be regulated. It as is convenient the casing is formed bycasting, the casting process is simplified by this formation since nocore is needed as there are no parts which project in such a way as toprevent the removal ot'jthe casting from the conical inould.- The casingthus formed has the-appearance or a cone whose smaller end is composedof a series of separated strips or fingers.

In a modified construction the conical member is mounted on the end of acylindrical part immediately surrounding, the noz- Zle oi the sprayerand in this cylindrical part air inlet openings which are. controlled bya cylindrical shutter which is preferably connected to the shutter whichcontrols the openings the end plate or air box. The cylindrical part'ofthe conical member is also mounted in the cylindrical shutter so that itcan slide in or out of this shutter whereby the position of the conicalportion of the member with relation tothe nozzle can be adjusted and atthe same time the longitudinal dimensions of the air inlet openingsthrough the cylindrical part of this member can be varied. The slidingadjustment of the conical member is effected by means of one or morescrew or like devices which are carried out through the end plate of theair box.

In either construction the opening in'the generator wall may be providedwith an annular lining of fire brick whose inner edge is convenientlyll-shaped in cross section or bevelled oil in both directions. Thislining is arranged so' that one bevelled part lies substantially in linewith the larger end of the conical member the other inclined edgeforming one side of an annular opening through which air can enterbetween the end of the conical member and the fire brick lining. Aroundand on the outer side of the opening in, which is placed this lining isan annular plate which is bolted up in position between the wall of thegenerator and the air box. The dimensions of the whole opening oppositewhich the air box is mounted may be adjusted by employing interchangeable plates having openings in them of difterent sizes the size of thefire brick lining of the opening being altered accordingly.

The invention may be carried out in prac tice in various ways and thedetails of construction modified to'suit requirements but theaccompanying drawings illustrate by way of example two alternativeconstructions that may be adopted for use with a steam generator of thewater tube type. In these drawings 1 Figure 1 is a vertical sectionalelevation through one construction of the improved air box and sprayermounting.

Figure 2 is an end view of the same.

Figure 3 is a sectional elevation similar to Figure l of an alternativeconstruction and Figure 4 is an end view of the same.

Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.

Referring to the construction illustrated in Figures]. and 2 the casingA forming the air box is flanged at one end as at A and bolted to thecasing B of the steam generator around the opening C leading into thefurnace or combustion chamber. The casing A is conical with the flange Atermed at the larger end and it has an annular step A or break in itsexternal surface at a point which as shown is not far distant from thelargest end of the box. Inthe wall oi the air box and extending'trom thestep A to the smaller end thereof are a series of openings A which areconveniently rectangular and extend longitudinally through the wall ofthe box. Since the depth of the step A is preferably equal to thethickness of the wall of the casing A the external surface of thesmaller part of the casing in which are the openings A when viewed inlongitudinal section as in Figure 1 lies, as is apparent in that figure,substantially in line with the interior surface of the larger end of thecasing adjacent to the flange A. Hence it will be seen that the castingof the casing A and the openings A therein can be simplified by reasonof the fact that a simple conical mould formed in the top box may beused without the necessity of providing projecting parts or cores forthe openings A are regulated by means of a shutter D formed as a castcone which fits on the smaller part of the casing A and extends from thestep A to the end of the casing. Openings D are formed through the wallof the shutter which can be rotated on the casing A and these openings Dare of such dimensions and so spaced apart that by movement of theshutter in relation to the openings A the air passages through thecasing A can be regulated or these openings can be completely closed.

At or within the smaller end of the casing A is mounted a disc or plateE in which are openings E. The sprayer, which is not shown in thisfigure, is mounted in an opening E formed in a boss E at the centre ofthe disc E and a shutter F of suitable form is carried on the boss E. Inthe shutter E are openings corresponding to the openings E in the disc Eso that by rotation of the shutter E which can be effected by means of ahandle F the effective size of the openings E can be regulated or theseopenings can be closed. The end plate E is bolted up to an inwardlydirected flange A at the smaller end of the conical air box casing A. Onthe inner side of the end plate E is mounted a cone G which thus lieswithin the air box A and is so positioned in relation to the end ornozzle of the sprayer that the cone of liquid tuel as it issues from thesprayer will impinge on v the inner surface or the conical member Gpreferably at or not tar from the larger end of this cone. The cone G"is supported by three screwed studs H which extend from the smaller endof the cone through the end plate E in which these studs are fixed bvnuts in such a manner that the position of the cone G in relation to thesprayer nozzle and the end plate E can be adjusted.

On the smaller end ot the air box casing A or, as in the constructionillustrated, on the peripheral part of the end plate E is mount ed anouter conical or other casing J whose length is such that it will extendover and around the air box n. for a considerable portion or" the lengthof the latter. which enters the air box must thus have access theretothrough the annular space formed between the end of the casing J and theadjacent wall B of the steam generator. In some cases the outer casing Jmay be ex- The air openings A The air tended towards the steamgeneratorwall B and carried up at a distance from this wall i butparallel thereto so as to form a jacket over the generator wall.Thisconstruction is shown in dotted lines at d in figure 3.. The airwhich enters the air box Athen has to pass first through this aclretaround the uptake and over the wall of the steam generator to theopenings A in the air box. Thence the air travels over the exterior ofthe cone G which is maintained at a considerableheat by the flame withinit and thus the temperature of the air is appreciably raised before itenters the combustion chamv a ,v s

The detailed construction of the shutters Dand F controlling the airopenings A and E, and the manner in which these shutters are operatedmay be modified as found desir-s able. I s p a Referring to the modifiedconstruction illustrated in Figures 3 and 4: in this case there ismounted in the opening C which leads into the combustion chamber orturnace of the steam generator a lire brick ring K which is convenientlybuilt up of four this purpose with holes in them of different dimensionsorthe outside oi? the plateld is mounted the conical casing or air box Awhich in respect to its principal features is constructed as in theapparatus descril'ied with reference to Figure i, that is to say thisair box has an external annular step A and.

a conical shutter D w openings D in it by rotation of which o'nthe airbox casing A the dimensions of the air openings-A can be varied. r I

the outer end of the air box A is fixed a plate E in which are openingsE disposed around a central boss E having in it an opening E throughwhich passes the oil sprayer N the latter being fixed. to the plate E.tion the dimensions of the air openings through the end plate can bevaried by means of: a rotatable shutter F disposed on the inner side ofthe plate E but in this construction there is formed or mounted ontheinner side of the shutter Fa cylindrical member F in which arelongitudinal openings F extending from the end 01": the cylin- "icalmember towards the shutter This 'ndrical member projectsinto the air box4-1 around thenozzle N of the sprayer,- The cone is provided at itssmaller end with a As in the previously described construecylindricalpart G which lies within the cylindrical member F and has longitudinalopenings formed in it as at G similar tothe openings F The cone G andits cylindrical part G are carried in an adjustable manner on screwedstuds H by the end plate E so that the cylindrical part G lies withinthe cylindrical member F The openings F and in theseengaging parts areconveniently rectangular and of such substan' tial dimensions as shownin Figure 3 and itwill be seen that the dimensions ings can be varied byrotation of the shutter F and according to the position of the coneG'with respect to the end plate E and sprayer nozzle N. The cylindricalpart G or the cone can thus slide or be moved longitudinally within thecylindri-' cal member F while the latter can be rotated around. the partG.

Qnthe periphery or" the end plate E or, if

preferred on the smaller end of the conical air box casing A there ismounted a conical shield J as in the previouslydescribed constructionthis shield conveniently having in it one or more observation orsighting openings 5 The shield is arranged sons to lead air from theneighbourhood of the wall Biol thesteain generator to the openings 1 inthe air box A.

In use air can enter through the end of the conical shield J whence itpasses through the openings A in the airbox' which have been adjusted tothesize requiredby ineansof theshutter D. The air which is thus somewhatwarmed can pass over the e terior of the coneG between the end thercotand-the outer bevelled iace K or". the fire brick lining it: and throughthe opening (1 leading into the combustion chamber. Air

can also pass through the openings-in the cylindrical part F into theinterior of the cone around the sprayer nozzle N these openings havingbeen ad usted to the re quired dimensions by rotation of the shutter Fand cylindrical member F The move merit-of this shutter also determinesthe amountof air passing; through theiopenings E in the end plate Theposition of the cone has previously been adjusted in the axial directionby means of the studs H; in

accordance with requirements and the dimensions ofthe opening C leadinginto the combustion chamber.

oil the. air, passages formed by these open- Cir hollow coni intermediat"all openings tnrou li which air ca entermenus for adjusting the size ofthese openhield mounted at the smaller flaring towart the larger andextending over the latter to cause the air to courseto the air openingson in he n indirect tlese openings can be adju a hollow conical memberdisposed wit '7 the casing and carried by the end plate at a distancetherefromq a d a fuel sprayer mounted in the end plate as set forth.

2. In appa atus for use in the burning of liquid fuel the combination ofconical casing forming an air box and having in its wall openings'ilirouogh which air can enter, means for adjusting; the size of theseopen- 1s, a late which closes the outer end of the cas' and has airinlet openings there means for adjusting; the size of these openi gs ahollow conical member i l cylindrical pa. with openings i line nberbeing disposed within with its cylindrical part directed towards the e dplate, means for supporting the iical member on the end plate, means foraciiusting the size of the openings in the cylindrical oi the conicalmember, and fuel sprayer mounted in the end plate as set forth.

n1 apparatus for use in the burning oi liquid fuel the combination of aconical casin or substantially uniform thickness from onu to end andtlormino; an air box, said casting havin an an or step in its wall "isends i h openings through the prrt l i i the step through which air canonto, a conical shutter rotatably mounted on that portion the casiwhichlies between the step and thesmaller end thereof tns shutter serving; toadjust the size oi the openings in the cash a plate which closes theouter end of the ing haying air inlet openings therein, means foradjustingthe s re of these openings, a nember disposed within the casingand carried by the end plate at a distance therefrom, and a fuel sprayermount ed in the end plate as set forth.

4. In apparatus for use in the burning of and rotatable with thisshutter liquid fuel the combination of a conical casinnforming an airbox and having in its wall openings through which air can enter,

m ans for adjusting the size of these openings, a fixed plate whichcloses the outer end oi the casing and has air inlet openings therein, ahollow conical member having at one end a CffllllClllCLl part withopenings therein the member being disposed i ain the casing with itscylindrical part directed towards theend pla.te, means for supportingthe conical member on the end plate, means for .multaneously adjusting;the size of the openif s in the end. plate and the size of the openingsin the cylindrical part or the conical member, and a fuel sprayermounts; in the end plate as set "forth.

l n apparatus for use in the burning 0t liquid fuel the combination of aconical casloll-Q forming an air box having in its well openings tluoughwhich an can enter, means for adjusting; the size of these openings, afixed plate which closes the outer end of the casing and has air inletopenings therein, a rotatable shutter by means 01" which the size ofthese openings can be ad justed, cylindrical member mounted onprojecting; into the casing this member having openings in it, a hollowconical member having; at one end a cylindrical part with openingstherein the conical member being disposed within the casing; with itscylindrical part lying; within the cylindrical member carried by toerotatable shutter means for supporting; the conical member on the endplate, and a- :tuol sprayer mounted in the end plate as set forth.

6. In apparatus for use in the burning of liquid fuel the combination ofa conical casing forming an air box and having; in its wall openingsthrough which air can enter, a conical shutter rotatably mounted on thecasing; and serving to adjust the size of the openings in the latter, aconical shield mounted-at the smaller end of the casing and extendingover the openings in the latter, a fixed plate which closes the outerend of the casing and has air inlet openings therein, a rotatableshutter by means of which the size of these openings can be ad justed,hollow conical member disposed within the casing; and carried by the outplate at a distance therefrom, a fuel sprayer mounted in tne end platein such a position that the spray therefrom impinges on the innersurface of the hollow conical member, and means for adjusting theposition of the conical. member relatively to the fuel sprayer and thecasing, as set forth.

7. ln apparatus for use in the burning of liquid fuel the combination ofa conical casing forming an air box and having in its wall openingsthrough which air can enter, means for adjusting the size of theseopenemp ings, a plate which closes the outer end of the casing and hasair inlet openings therein, means for adjusting the size of. theseopenings, hollow conical. member having at oneend a cylindrical partwithopenings therein the member, bein disposed W e the casing with itseylindr 11 part directed towards the end plate, means for support ingthe conical member onithe end plate, means for adjusting the size of theopen ings in the cylindrical part of theconical member a. fuelsprayer.mounted in the end plate, and means for adjusting the size ofthe conical member relatively to the fuel sprayer as set forth,

8. In apparatus for use in the burning of liquid fuel the combination ofa conical casing forming an air boxand having in its wall openingsthrough which air can enter, a conical shutter rotatably mounted on thecasing and serving to adjust the size of the openings in the latter, afixed plate which closes the outer end of the casing and has air inletopenings therein, a hollow conical member having at one end acylindrical part with openings therein themember being disposed withinthe casing with its cylindrical part directed towards the end plate,means for supporting the conical member on the end plate, means forsimultaneously adjusting the size of the openings in the end plate andthe sizeof the openings in the cylindrical part of the conical member, afuel sprayer mounted in the end plate, and means for adjusting theposition of the conical member relatively to the fuel sprayer as setforth.

9. In apparatus for use in the burning of liquid fuel the combination ofa conical casing forming an air box and having in its wall openingsthrough which air can enter, a conical shutter rotatably mounted on thecasing and serving to adjust the size of the openings in the latter, afixed plate which closes the outer end of the casing and has air inletopenings therein, a rotatable shutter by means of which the size ofthese openings can be adjusted, a cylindrical member mounted on and,rotatable with this shutter and projecting into the casing this memberhaving openings in it, a hollow conical member having at one end acylindrical part with openings therein the conical member being disposedwithin the casing with its cylindrical part lying within the cylindricalmember carried by'the rotatable shutter, means for supporting theconical member on the end plate, a fuel sprayer mounted in the endplate, and means for adjusting the position of the conical memberrelatively to the fuel sprayer as setforth.

10. In apparatus for use in the burning of liquid fuel the combinationof the comcasing leading into this chamber, an annulus of the fire brickbeing bevelled off in both,

directions so as to be. f-shaped in cross section, a conical casingforming an *air box mountedflon the generator wall' around the openingleading int-othe combustion chamber this air box having'in its wallopenings through which air can. enter, a conical SlTH- ter rotatablymounted on the casing and serving to adjust'jthe size of the openings inthe latter, a fixed plate which closes, the outer end of the air box andhas air inlet openings therein, means for adjusting the size of theseopenings, a hollow conical member disposed within the casing and carriedby the end plate in a position intermediate between this end plate andthe fire brick annulus, a fuel sprayer mounted in the end plate, andmeans for adjusting the position of the conical member relatively to thefuel sprayer as set forth.

11. In apparatus for use in the burning of liquid fuel the combinationof a conical casing forming an air box and having an annular step in itswall with openings through the part below the step through which air canenter, a conical shutter rotatably mounted on that portion of the casingwhich lies between the step and the smaller end thereof this shutterserving to adjust the size of the openings in the casing, a conicalshield mounted at the smaller end of the casing and extending over theopenings in the latter, a fixed plate which closes the outer end of thecasing and has air inlet openings therein, a rotatable shutter by meansof which the size of these openings can be adjusted, a hollow conicalmember disposed vithin the casingand carriedby the end plate at adistance therefrom, a fuel sprayer mounted in the end plate, and meansfor adjusting the position of the conical member relatively to the fuelsprayer as set forth.

12. In apparatus for use in the burning of liquid fuel the combinationof the combustion chamber of a steam generator having its wall withopenings through the part belowthe step through which air can enter, aconical shutter rotatably mounted on that portion of the casing whichlies between the step and the smaller end thereof this shutter servingto adjust the size of the openings in the casing, a conical shieldmounted at the smaller end of the casing and extending over the ogeningsin the latter, a fixed plate which closes the outer end oi? the casingand has air inlet openings therein 2L rotatable shutter by means ofwhich the size of these openeen be etljustecl, a cylindrical membermounted on and rotatable with this shutter and projectinginto thecasingthis member having; openings in it, a hollow conical member heving' one encla cylindrical part with openings therein the conicalmember being disposed within the casing in imposition intermecliatebetween the end plate zin l the fire brick annulus and with itscylindrical part lying Within the cylindri al ineu'iber carried by therotatable shutter mean-w "For supporting; the conical member on the endplate, a fuel sprayer mounted in the end plate, and means for adjustingthe position of the conical member relatively to the fuel sprayer as setforth.

In testimony whereof Iheve signed my name to this specification.

Q ANDREW FORSTER.

